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Relays and Renewable Energy



Relays And Renewable Energy

Find out more about relays and their uses in renewable energy applications

electric circuit | electronics | general
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A relay is a type of electrically operated switch which is controlled by an electronic circuit. Within the relay is a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field when a current flows through it. If sufficient current at the correct voltage flows through the coil, the generated magnetic field attracts a metal lever which changes the position of the switch.

Schematic of the purpose of a relay circuit

The advantage of a relay is that it permits a low voltage DC circuit to control a completely separate high-power circuit - for example a 240V AC mains electricity powered appliance.

6 Volt relay
The example 6V relay pictured above could be triggered by a circuit powered by a small 6 Volt Solar Panel or 4 AA batteries, but used to control a 10 Amp 240 Volt appliance such as a large water pump, a fan, or even a large mains powered battery charger to top up a battery bank which has been excessively depleted.

NEW Click here to buy 6V and 12V relays in the REUK Shop.

Practical Relay Application Example

In this example we will look in brief at how a 240 VAC water pump can be used with a water butt in a rainwater or greywater collection system.

240 Volt Hozelock Water Butt Pump

Ideally the switch to turn on the pump would be located near to where the water is used rather than at the location of the pump. If, for example, the water is to be used 30 metres away from the pump, it would be a pain (as well as a waste of power and water) to have to walk back to the pump to switch it on and off.

If a switch was fitted into the 240 Volt circuit and lay across (or under) the garden to the point of water usage, there would be a risk of electrocution if the cable was cut accidently, and such [armoured] cable is very expensive.

Remote Water Pump Switch Relay Circuit Plans

As the schematic digram below shows, a practical alternative would be to use a small solar panel (and/or battery) to power a small relay controlled by a switch. Runs of thin (cheap) wire carrying small currents at just 6 or 12 Volts could then be used to connect everything together safely along the length of the garden.

A relay used in a water pumping application. Solar panel powered relay and 240VAC water pump

Circuit diagram for remote switch for 240 VAC water pump

No details on the actual wiring of the 240V water pump are provided here since if you do not know how to do it already, you really shouldn't be doing it! Mistakes with high voltage electricity can kill. If you are unsure of what you are doing, call in a qualified electrician for assistance.

Why Use a Diode with a Relay?


Voltage spike supression diode

When a relay coil is switched off there can be a short-lived high voltage spike of electricity (aka back-emf) which can damage chips and transistors etc in the circuit. Therefore a diode is placed across the relay coil connections to supress this spike.

Normally the diode does not conduct however, when the relay coil is switched off, any current which would otherwise have attempted to get through the coil is diverted harmlessly through the diode.

Article Last Modified: 16:52, 2nd Aug 2007


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Page Last Updated on 22nd May 2008 at 10:50:15am

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