Greenhouse Heatsink Connection Diagram
Greenhouse Heatsink Connection Diagram
Putting together a solar powered greenhouse heatsink
system
solar | heating | general
In our article
Solar Greenhouse Heat Sink we introduced a simple method of keeping a
greenhouse frost free at night, and also a little cooler in the day when it can otherwise get too hot.
In this article we will look in more detail at how the
electrical part of the system is put together and how the solar panel, battery, and fan should be selected.
The Fan
Pictured above is a
12V DC Fan which is rated at 0.070 Amps (0.84 Watts). Available in the UK for around £5.00, such a fan is perfect for this application. With brushless contacts and high quality bearings, it is rated to last at least 50,000 hours (almost
6 years of continuous use) without overheating. It can also push through a lot of air while drawing a very
low current making it optimal for use with a
PV solar powered system.
When fully charged a
lead acid battery will reach over 13.5V, and when under charge can reach well over 14 Volts. If a 12V fan is powered with more than 12 Volts, then it will spin faster, get hotter, use more power, and fail much faster. Therefore, it is recommended that an
LM2940 12V regulator is used. This gives a fixed
12.0V output from input voltages in excess of 12.5V (virtually flat battery), and 0.5V less than the input voltage if it is less than 12.5V. Click here to view details of the easy to use
12 Volt Regulator circuit which we sell in the
REUK Shop.)
The Solar Panel
The
Solar Panel should be chosen to match the
power consumption of the fan. A fan rated at 0.070 Amps uses 24 x 0.070 = 1.68 Amp Hours (Ah) of electricity per day. Therefore, the solar panel must put at least 1.68 Ah into the battery every day, plus an extra 20% to cover losses. 1.68 x 130% = 2 Ah.
Obviously a
solar panel does not generate its rated power 24 hours per day. Once you take into account nighttime, bad weather, and early mornings and evenings when the sun is low in the sky, there are not many hours of real generating time. For the UK you can expect an average of the equivalent of
4 hours at the rated power per day, therefore the power rating of the solar panel should be six times greater than that of the fan. With our example fan rated at 0.84 Watts, we need a solar panel rated at
5 Watts = 6 x 0.84. (Click here for more information about the
12V 5W Solar Panel pictured above).
Depending on the exact geographical location of the greenhouse - further north in the northern hemisphere means less solar electricity generation, the quality of the
battery used, and the position of the solar panel, additional solar capacity may be necessary to make up for shortfalls and losses in the system.
The Battery
The
battery is the third and final key component of the
greenhouse heatsink system. An old car battery can be used (available free of charge), but will not retain charge well - therefore more PV solar panels will be required. Ideally a suitable
deep cycle (leisure) battery should be used. This will hold charge well - e.g. self discharge of below 3-5% per month - and will cope with being discharged deeply.
If a very small battery is used, a
solar charge controller will be necessary to prevent
overcharging. In addition, there will be insufficient stored charge to cope with multiple overcast days. Instead it is usually better to match the battery to the solar panel to ensure that there is enough stored charge capacity for the fan to be powered even if it is cloudy for a week. With a
5 Watt solar panel and a 0.84 Watt fan, something of the order of at least 15-20Ah would be perfect.
Putting the Greenhouse Heatsink System Together
The final components of the system are a suitable
fuse holder and fuse (use a 2 Amp fuse for a 0.84W fan to protect against short circuits etc), and a
switch so that you can manually switch off the system if the battery is flat to give it a chance to recharge.
The
fuse should be positioned as
close as possible to the positive terminal of the battery to make it most effective. The on/off switch should be positioned between the battery and the
voltage regulator (rather than between the regulator and the fan) so that no power is wasted when the system is switched off.
Article Last Modified: 13:18, 30th Jun 2008
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